The certificate: definition and basic concepts
The certificate as a structured package of options, which allows an asymmetry of performance and protection with respect to the underlying financial asset.
Examples: with the same certificate, also total protection on the decreases and performance more than proportional on the increases; protection with flow of periodic premiums; positive performance on positive or negative trend of the underlying within a certain range, etc.
The role of dividends in certificates
The renunciation of dividends from the underlying financial asset allows certificates to be issued with protection against discounts and performance against price increases
The primary and secondary markets
How they work and what are differences
The categories of certificates according to ACEPI
- Capital Protection Certificates
- Conditionally protected capital certificates (protection and performance conditional on the price of the underlying financial asset remaining above a barrier level)
- Unprotected capital certificates (without protection, but with performance even more than proportional to the positive development of the underlying financial asset)
- Leverage certificates (positive and negative performance more than proportional to the performance of the underlying financial asset)
The ACEPI map: the classification of certificates adopted by Borsa Italiana-Euronext and the Italian MTFs
The operation of some payoff
Protected capital
They offer even total protection on low and performance on high
Capital conditionally protected
- Bonus
They recognise a maturity premium, provided that the underlying asset has never fallen below a predefined barrier level; participation in the upside of the underlying at maturity; there is a conditional capital protection barrier.
- Cash Collect
They offer recurring coupon profits over life and maturity if, at their respective observation dates, the underlying asset is greater than or equal to a predetermined level; there is a barrier of protection of invested capital.